By Norman T. Feather
This ebook relates decisions of `deservingness' or `undeservingness' to perceived accountability, values, liking family, and ingroup/outgroup family members. The e-book provides a social-cognitive method version serious about how humans react to offenses and to the perpetrators of offenses. stories all in favour of achievment results and with retributive justice, and ways that the theoretical procedure can be extra constructed, are defined.
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Additional info for Values, Achievement, and Justice - The Psychology of Deservingness (Critical Issues in Social Justice)
Example text
Actions that are positively valued by some may be negatively valued by others; outcomes that are assigned positive value by some may be negatively valued by others. Hence, evaluations of actions and outcomes and the judgments of deservingness or undeservingness that they imply may differ between people under the same objective conditions. Given the fact that groups and cultures may impart different value priorities to their members, we would also expect to find that judgments of deservingness and undeservingness may differ across groups and cultures for the same objective outcomes.
But we also use the three terms to indicate different forms of moral claim, distinguishing between claims based on rights, desert, and need. How are these distinctions made? Heath (1976) proposes that an appeal to rights involves an appeal to an agreed-upon body of law or to formal or informal rules. Someone may have a right to receive social welfare benefits based on formalized laws that concern entitlement, or someone may have a right to receive a gift in a group where the norm of reciprocity prevails.
In addition, Heider (1958) argues that in personal causality the invariant end or goal is due to the person. He or she is the locus of the effects: Because the person controls the causal lines emanating from himself, he not only is the initial source of the produced change, but he remains the persistent cause. Here, if anywhere, one can speak of a local cause, the second characteristic of the causal network in personal causality . . within a wide range of environmental conditions, the person may be thought of as the one necessary and sufficient condition for the effect to occur, for within the wide range the person changes the means to achieve the end, the end itself remaining unaltered.