By J.L. Koenig
Vibrational spectroscopy is effective as an analytical software for polymers and includes complementary options: infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopy. This file is an soaking up assessment of ways those tools will be hired to supply information regarding complicated polymeric macromolecules with appreciate to composition, constitution, conformation and intermolecular interactions. The evaluate is supported by way of a number of hundred abstracts chosen from the Rapra Polymer Library database giving beneficial references for extra examining.
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Extra resources for Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers
Example text
The spectra were compared with those from the corresponding reduced polymers after dedoping and found to be consistent with polaron and bipolaron descriptions of the electron transport mechanism in polypyrrole (331). Resonance Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the products formed upon iodine doping of cispolyisoprene. Evidence for the production of polyenes was found and that these are in part responsible for the increased conductivity of iodine-doped cispolyisoprene (374). In situ Raman studies of the conducting and nonconducting poly-n-vinylcarbazole showed that the conducting polymer had a 3,3'-dicarbazyl structure formed by dimerisation at the 3,6 position.
Using the Mayo-Lewis equation, the reactivity ratios of CHMI and MMA were calculated (64). By measuring the presence of functional groups at finite depths from the crystal surface by real time ATR-FTIR spectroscopy, the conversion during acrylate polymerisations was measured. By varying the film thickness, the reactivity of multiacrylates could be spatially resolved (262). The simultaneous monitoring of vinyl acetate (VA) and erucamide additive concentrations in EVA copolymers was undertaken with NIR spectroscopy using an in-line flow cell attached to an extruder (130).
A NIR spectrometer system has been described based on optical fibres for absorption and reflexion measurements, an AOTF and a transputer system. It is able to detect 1,000 spectra per second and to identify 20 pieces per second (209). The identification system was implemented and tested for a real-world application of plastic identification in municipal solid waste. 33 Infrared and Raman Spectroscopy of Polymers Automated sorting of post-consumer plastic waste was achieved using a combination of fixed-filter NIR and neural network data analysis.