By Bella H. Chudnovsky
The revised version offers, extends, and updates an intensive research of the standards that reason and speed up the getting older of conductive and insulating fabrics of which transmission and distribution electric gear is made. New sections within the moment version summarize the problems of the getting older, reliability, and defense of electric equipment, in addition to aiding gear within the box of producing renewable power (solar, wind, tide, and wave power). while uncovered to atmospheric corrosive gases and fluids, contaminants, low and high temperatures, vibrations, and different inner and exterior affects, those platforms go to pot; finally the power of the gear to operate accurately is destroyed. within the smooth international of "green energy", the apparatus offering fresh, electricity should be adequately maintained in an effort to hinder untimely failure. The book’s goal is to aid locate the correct how one can decelerate the getting older of electric equipment, increase its functionality, and expand the lifetime of strength new release, transmission, and distribution equipment.
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Extra info for Transmission, Distribution, and Renewable Energy Generation Power Equipment: Aging and Life Extension Techniques, Second Edition
Example text
This Standard also specifies the techniques of measuring the effects of repeated insertion and withdrawal of separable electrical connectors which are harmful to the electrical performance of the connector. This method is limited to low-current electrical connectors designed for use in applications where the current through any one connection in the connector does not exceed 5 A, and where the connector may be separated a number of times during the life of the connector. This method is limited to electrical connectors intended for use in air ambient temperatures where the operating temperature is less than 65°C.
Electrical and mechanical designs play an important role for the contacts, which functions is to interrupt an electrical current, to provide a required function during the life of equipment. In electrical design the following parameters should be considered: • • • • Voltage (circuit voltage, voltage at the contacts during circuit interruption) Current (amperes, direct or alternating current, frequency) Type of load (inductive, capacitive, resistive, motor load, and overload requirements) Contact protection and arc suppression In mechanical design to provide proper contact when the electricity is flowing or should be interrupted, the following factors should be considered: • • • • • • Contact force Frequency of operation Speed of opening and closing Wipe or slide between contacts on closure, or butt type closure Chatter during opening, or bounce during closing Contact gap when fully open It is important to take into account the method of operating contacts: mechanical, electromagnetic, thermostatic, or manual.
Repeated insertion and withdrawal of a connector may cause wear or other mechanical damage to the electrical contact surfaces, rendering those surfaces more susceptible to environmental degradation. This test method is intended to detect degradation of the electrical properties of the connector by such processes. This Standard describes procedures for conducting wear and durability testing of electrical connectors; the procedures produce quantitative results. The Standard specifies the test in which sample connectors are wired for precision resistance measurements of each test contact.