By Charles Stephenson
Following the autumn of France and the give up of Paris on 14 June 1940, the British executive introduced that the Channel Islands had no strategic significance and wouldn't be defended. The Germans occupied the islands from the top of June onwards and remained on top of things until eventually the top of the struggle. On 10 October 1941 Hitler introduced his purpose to 'convert them into an impregnable fortress', and the islands shaped the main seriously fortified and defended portion of the whole Atlantic Wall. This e-book describes the layout, development and manning of those protective positions, in addition to contemplating extra generally the profession of the Channel Islands via the Germans.
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Example text
C. 5). 2), was a fervent devotee of dice, so much so that he wrote a history on the subject. Moreover, he used to play while out driving, on a board fitted to his carriage that kept the dice from rolling off capriciously. Emperors aside, playing dice (tesserae) was an extremely popular game among soldiers. A pair of bone dice found at Birdoswald fort, each of whose sides has a different number of ring-and-dot markings (1 to 6), were no different from their modern counterparts. Yet the Romans did have a type with only four marked faces called tali, examples of which again come from Birdoswald.
Likewise the Notitia Dignitatum, a list of all known forces in the western half of the Roman Empire dated to the turn of the fifth century, shows units then in garrison at named forts, some of which can be identified. Many units first attested in the early third century were still in the same forts at the time of the Notitia Dignitatum, Cavalry were present in strength, with an ala milliana (the only unit of that size in Britannia) at Stanwix, and two nine quingenariae in forts along the eastern sector of the Wall, namely Benwell and Chesters.
Even if socks and underpants were not standard issue, provision of goods of this kind is abundantly paralleled in the papyri from Egypt, which thus indicates that they were worn as additional clothing. Finally, it is interesting to note that the Chesterholm texts shows us how swiftly auxiliary soldiers acquired literate habits and how proficient they became in Latin, a language that was not their own, but one that their military service forced them to acquire. The extant private letters of Roman soldiers reveal a love-hate relationship with the army.