By Donald Kagan, Gregory F. Viggiano
Men of Bronze takes up some of the most vital and fiercely debated matters in historic background and classics: how did archaic Greek hoplites struggle, and what function, if any, did hoplite conflict play in shaping the Greek polis? within the 19th century, George Grote argued that the phalanx conflict formation of the hoplite farmer citizen-soldier used to be the driver in the back of a revolution in Greek social, political, and cultural associations. in the course of the 20th century students constructed and subtle this grand hoplite narrative with assistance from archaeology. yet over the last thirty years students have criticized approximately each significant guideline of this orthodoxy. certainly, the revisionists have persuaded many experts that the facts calls for a brand new interpretation of the hoplite narrative and a rewriting of early Greek historical past. Men of Bronze gathers top students to improve the present debate and produce it to a broader viewers of old historians, classicists, archaeologists, and normal readers.
After explaining the ancient context and value of the hoplite query, the ebook assesses and pushes ahead the controversy over the conventional hoplite narrative and demonstrates why it truly is at an important turning element. rather than attaining a consensus, the members have sharpened their alterations, delivering new proof, reasons, and theories concerning the starting place, nature, process, and strategies of the hoplite phalanx and its impact on Greek tradition and the increase of the polis.
The members contain Paul Cartledge, Lin Foxhall, John Hale, Victor Davis Hanson, Donald Kagan, Peter Krentz, Kurt Raaflaub, Adam Schwartz, Anthony Snodgrass, Hans van Wees, and Gregory Viggiano.
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Additional resources for Men of Bronze: Hoplite Warfare in Ancient Greece
Example text
The system of fighting used until the last third of the fifth century could assume that invaded peoples would not retreat behind the absolute safety and security of their walls and defenses. This was a matter of pride and necessity. Of course the enemy could not operate upon the rugged land that made up most of the territory they had invaded, nor could they capture by assault 8 Donald Kagan and Gregory F. Viggiano the impregnable sites. 34 “The fruit and cereal crops must be saved at all costs, either by facing the enemy in the field or by prompt sub mission to his demands.
This emphasis is on the military reform. ”30 Grote denied that the Lykurgean system included a redistribution of land on principles of exact or approximate equality, and provisions for maintaining the number of distinct and equal lots. Instead, he attributes the egalitarian ethos of Sparta to, among other things, the training of its hoplites. ”31 The connection of fighting tactics to the transformation of Greek values has been crucial to the hoplite narrative; in particular, the substitution of the Homeric goal of the individual striving for preeminence by the stress on warriors playing an equal role in battle.
62 The work of Nilsson anticipates the recent debate about Tyrtaeus and the idea that the development of phalanx tactics may have been gradual. But for Nilsson, much like Grote, the rise of the polis was inconceivable without the emergence of the middling hoplites, their values, and their ability to demand political change. 63 She dated the adoption of hoplite tactics and equipment in the most important poleis to the first half of the seventh century. The introduction of the new shield caused an immediate change in tactics.