By Zbigniew Lewandowski
The six years that experience handed because the book of the 1st version have introduced major advances in either biofilm learn and biofilm engineering, that have matured to the level that biofilm-based applied sciences at the moment are being designed and applied. accordingly, many chapters were up to date and elevated with the addition of sections reflecting adjustments within the establishment in biofilm learn and engineering. Emphasizing approach research, engineering structures, biofilm purposes, and mathematical modeling, Fundamentals of Biofilm study, moment version provides the instruments to unify and develop biofilm study as a whole.
Retaining the objectives of the 1st version, this moment version serves as:
- A compendium of information approximately biofilms and biofilm processes
- A set of directions for designing and engaging in biofilm experiments
- A set of directions for making and utilizing quite a few instruments worthy in biofilm research
- A set of computational strategies valuable in reading result of biofilm research
- A set of directions for utilizing the version of stratified biofilms for information interpretation, research, and biofilm job prediction
Read or Download Fundamentals of Biofilm Research, Second Edition PDF
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Extra resources for Fundamentals of Biofilm Research, Second Edition
Sample text
Measuring the contact angle calls for depositing drops of water on the surface. Drops of water are larger than typical microorganisms attached to surfaces. As a result, the measurements of contact angle average the properties of a large area of the surface, rendering the results less useful for evaluating the effects of hydrophobicity on microbial attachment, because microorganisms attach to a much smaller surface area. Not only are the individual microorganisms smaller than the droplets of water deposited on the surface, but also the parts of the microorganisms that are actually hydrophobic occupy only a small part of their surfaces.
Not only are the individual microorganisms smaller than the droplets of water deposited on the surface, but also the parts of the microorganisms that are actually hydrophobic occupy only a small part of their surfaces. These differences between the scale of observation and the scale of the actual event may be one reason the relation between surface energy and biofilm formation is not as obvious as was initially assumed. As a result, the relation between microbial colonization and surface energy remains unclear: microorganisms, apparently unaware of the complexity of the situation, colonize both low- and high-energy surfaces.
As biofilms become older, the semicontinuous sublayer tends to become denser and thicker and to accumulate various particles from the system, while the upper layer, consisting of the characteristic round microcolonies and streamers, remains the same. New advances in understanding biofilm structure show that, as time passes, the bottom layers of biofilms become dense and compact and their porosity becomes much lower than the porosity of the upper layers. It is not known whether this decrease in porosity results from biofilm growth and expansion near the bottom or just from the accumulation of debris and pieces of biofilm sloughed off upstream.