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By Simon Winchester

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Extra resources for Professor and the Madman: A Tale of Murder, Ird English Dictionary, The

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So from the dictionary editors’ point of view there is a double benefit, of having the word’s origin dated and its meaning explained, and both by a single English author. Finding and publishing quotations of usage is an imperfect way of making pronouncements about origins and meanings, of course—but to nineteenth-century lexicographers it was the best method that had yet been devised—and it has not yet been bettered. From time to time experts succeed in challenging specific findings like this, and on occasions the dictionary is forced to recant, is obliged to accept a new and earlier quotation and give to a particular word a longer history than the Oxford to a particular word a longer history than the Oxford editors first allowed.

The horses did their best, their hooves striking sparks from the cobbles as they rushed the victim to the emergency entrance. It was a futile journey. Doctors examined George Merrett and attempted to close the gaping wound in his neck. But his carotid artery had been severed, his spine snapped by two large-caliber bullets. The man who had perpetrated this unprecedented crime was, within moments of committing it, in the firm custody of Constable Tarrant. He was a tall, welldressed man of what the policeman described as “military appearance,” with an erect bearing and a haughty air.

A sentence supporting this, from a 1908 issue of The Complete Lawn Tennis Player, is produced in evidence. But then comes the controversy. The other great book on the English language, Henry Fowler’s hugely popular Modern English Usage, which was first published in 1926, insisted—contrary to what Dryden had been quoted as saying in the OED—that protagonist is a word that can only ever be used in the singular. Any use suggesting the contrary would be grammatically utterly wrong. And not just wrong, Fowler declares, but absurd.

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