By R. Couty, A. Revuz (auth.), M. Cahen, M. Flato (eds.)
On the party of the 60th birthday of Andre Lichnerowicz a couple of his pals, a lot of whom were his scholars or coworkers, made up our minds to have a good time this occasion by way of getting ready a jubilee quantity of contributed articles within the major fields of analysis marked through Lichnerowicz's paintings, particularly differential geometry and mathematical physics. barriers of house and time didn't allow us to incorporate papers from all Lichnerowicz's associates nor from all his former scholars. It was once both most unlikely to mirror in one ebook the nice number of topics tackled through Lichnerowicz. inspite of those boundaries, we are hoping that this booklet displays many of the current developments of fields during which he labored, and a few of the topics to which he contributed in his lengthy - and never but accomplished - occupation. This profession used to be a great deal marked by way of the impact of his masters, Elie Cartan who brought him to analyze in arithmetic, typically in geometry and its kin with mathematical physics, and Georges Darmois who built his curiosity for mechanics and physics, specifically the speculation of relativity and electromagnetism. This par ticular blend, and his own expertise, made from him a average clinical inheritor and continuator of the French mathematical physics institution within the culture of Henri Poincare. a few of his works could also be most sensible certified via a brand new box identify, that of actual ma thematics: branches of natural arithmetic totally stimulated via physics.
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This booklet through Jakob Nielsen (1890-1959) and Werner Fenchel (1905-1988) has had
a lengthy and intricate background. In 1938-39, Nielsen gave a chain of lectures on
discontinuous teams of motions within the non-euclidean airplane, and this led him - in the course of
World battle II - to put in writing the 1st chapters of the publication (in German). while Fenchel,
who needed to get away from Denmark to Sweden due to the German career,
returned in 1945, Nielsen initiated a collaboration with him on what turned identified
as the Fenchel-Nielsen manuscript. at the moment they have been either on the Technical
University in Copenhagen. the 1st draft of the Fenchel-Nielsen manuscript (now
in English) used to be accomplished in 1948 and it used to be deliberate to be released within the Princeton
Mathematical sequence. even if, a result of speedy improvement of the topic, they felt
that significant adjustments needed to be made sooner than book.
When Nielsen moved to Copenhagen college in 1951 (where he stayed until eventually
1955), he was once a lot concerned with the overseas association UNESCO, and the
further writing of the manuscript was once left to Fenchel. The files of Fenchel now
deposited and catalogued on the division of arithmetic at Copenhagen Univer-
sity include unique manuscripts: a partial manuscript (manuscript zero) in Ger-
man containing Chapters I-II (
I -15), and an entire manuscript (manuscript I) in
English containing Chapters I-V (
1-27). The documents additionally include a part of a corre-
spondence (first in German yet later in Danish) among Nielsen and Fenchel, the place
Nielsen makes specific reviews to Fenchel's writings of Chapters III-V. Fenchel,
who succeeded N. E. Nf/Jrlund at Copenhagen collage in 1956 (and stayed there
until 1974), was once greatly concerned with a radical revision of the curriculum in al-
gebra and geometry, and focused his learn within the conception of convexity, heading
the overseas Colloquium on Convexity in Copenhagen 1965. for nearly twenty years
he additionally placed a lot attempt into his task as editor of the newly began magazine Mathematica
Scandinavica. a lot to his dissatisfaction, this job left him little time to complete the
Fenchel-Nielsen venture the best way he desired to.
After his retirement from the collage, Fenchel - assisted through Christian Sieben-
eicher from Bielefeld and Mrs. Obershelp who typed the manuscript - chanced on time to
finish the ebook effortless Geometry in Hyperbolic area, which used to be released by way of
Walter de Gruyter in 1989 almost immediately after his dying. concurrently, and with an analogous
collaborators, he supervised a typewritten model of the manuscript (manuscript 2) on
discontinuous teams, elimination some of the vague issues that have been within the unique
manuscript. Fenchel informed me that he reflected removal components of the introductory
Chapter I within the manuscript, given that this is able to be lined by way of the publication pointed out above;
but to make the Fenchel-Nielsen e-book self-contained he finally selected to not do
so. He did choose to omit
27, entitled Thefundamental staff.
As editor, i began in 1990, with the consent of the criminal heirs of Fenchel and
Nielsen, to supply a TEX-version from the newly typewritten model (manuscript 2).
I am thankful to Dita Andersen and Lise Fuldby-Olsen in my division for hav-
ing performed an excellent task of typing this manuscript in AMS- TEX. i've got additionally had
much aid from my colleague J0rn B0rling Olsson (himself a pupil of Kate Fenchel
at Aarhus collage) with the evidence analyzing of the TEX-manuscript (manuscript three)
against manuscript 2 in addition to with a basic dialogue of the variation to the fashion
of TEX. In so much respects we made up our minds to keep on with Fenchel's intentions. besides the fact that, turning
the typewritten variation of the manuscript into TEX helped us to make sure that the notation,
and the spelling of definite key-words, will be uniform through the publication. additionally,
we have indicated the start and finish of an evidence within the traditional form of TEX.
With this TEX -manuscript I approached Walter de Gruyter in Berlin in 1992, and
to my nice aid and pride they agreed to submit the manuscript of their sequence
Studies in arithmetic. i'm such a lot thankful for this optimistic and fast response. One
particular challenge with the book grew to become out to be the copy of the numerous
figures that are a vital part of the presentation. Christian Siebeneicher had at
first agreed to carry those in ultimate digital shape, yet via 1997 it grew to become transparent that he
would no longer be ready to locate the time to take action. even though, the writer provided an answer
whereby I may still carry specified drawings of the figures (Fenchel didn't depart such
for Chapters IV and V), after which they might arrange the creation of the figures in
electronic shape. i'm very thankful to Marcin Adamski, Warsaw, Poland, for his fantastic
collaboration about the genuine creation of the figures.
My colleague Bent Fuglede, who has personaHy identified either authors, has kindly
written a quick biography of the 2 of them and their mathematical achievements,
and which additionally areas the Fenchel-Nielsen manuscript in its right viewpoint. In
this connection i want to thank The Royal Danish Academy of Sciences and
Letters for permitting us to incorporate during this e-book reproductions of images of the 2
authors that are within the ownership of the Academy.
Since the manuscript makes use of a few distinctive symbols, an inventory of notation with brief
explanations and connection with the particular definition within the ebook has been incorporated. additionally,
a complete index has been additional. In either instances, all references are to sections,
not pages.
We thought of including an entire record of references, yet determined opposed to it as a result of
the overwhelming variety of study papers during this quarter. as an alternative, a miles shorter
list of monographs and different accomplished money owed suitable to the topic has been
collected.
My ultimate and so much honest thank you visit Dr. Manfred Karbe from Walter de Gruyter
for his commitment and perseverance in bringing this e-book into life.
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Extra info for Differential Geometry and Relativity: A Volume in Honour of André Lichnerowicz on His 60th Birthday
Example text
2) Index (,91... ) • Vol (M') = (_1)m Index (9'~) . Vol (M). 46 ROBERT S. eAHN, PETER B. GILKEY, and JOSEPH A. 3. THEOREM. Index (C€). Vol (M') = (-lr Index (C€'), Vol (M). 3 can also be derived from the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem. 3 is that Index (~') can often be calculated directly. Here are a few examples. de Rham Complex. The index of the de Rham complex is the Euler-Poincare characteristic x. If rank K < rank G then X(M') = O. If rank K = rank G then X(M') = IW(G')I/IW(K)I, quotient of the orders of the Weyl groups.
Denote their respective twisted signature complexes (Gilkey [8]) using forms with values in E ~ and E.... ,p. 2) Index (,91... ) • Vol (M') = (_1)m Index (9'~) . Vol (M). 46 ROBERT S. eAHN, PETER B. GILKEY, and JOSEPH A. 3. THEOREM. Index (C€). Vol (M') = (-lr Index (C€'), Vol (M). 3 can also be derived from the Atiyah-Singer Index Theorem. 3 is that Index (~') can often be calculated directly. Here are a few examples. de Rham Complex. The index of the de Rham complex is the Euler-Poincare characteristic x.
H(n» given by «dA(l)~, ... , (dA(r»~). If A is a reflection, then all of (dA(l)~, .. , (dA(r»~ except one are identity transformations. ,H(n». Then A(I) must be the identity transformation of H(n) (since a holomorphic transformation of a bounded domain H(n), being an isometry, is determined by its first jet at a single point). Hence, all its conjugates A(2), ... , A(r) are identity transformations. D. Actually we proved that, for every element A E Sp (n ; 0 ), the fixed point set FA is of codimension at least r.