By Jean-Denis G. G. Lepage
Это исследование – хроника развития британских укрепсооружений с доисторических времен до конца правления Ричарда III в 1485 году. К каждому периоду истории подобраны соответствующие примеры, а также информацию об оружии и осадных устройствах. Более 250 иллюстраций подробно и образно расскажут о каждом строении.
From the time the Romans first set foot on Englands shore in fifty five BC, the British Isles have confronted a continuing hazard of international invasion. therefore, the landscapes of britain, Scotland, and eire are dotted with old shielding fortifications as various as their makers. Iron Age Celtic «hillforts,» Roman castra and Hadrians Wall, Anglo-Saxon dykes and Alfredian burhs, Norman mottes and stone-keeps, Edwardian castles, Irish tower homes all of them served to repel historic intruders and plenty of nonetheless stand as tangible relics of a striking prior. This research chronicles the improvement of British fortifications from prehistoric occasions during the finish of Richard IIIs reign in 1485, offering the historical past of every form of constitution, proper examples, and knowledge on guns and siege battle. greater than 250 illustrations vividly element every one edifaces development and configuration.
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Additional info for British Fortifications Through the Reign of Richard III: An Illustrated History
Sample text
To the north, there is another ringfort with three banks known as the Rath of the Synods. Further north is a long , narrow rectangular structure known as the Banqueting Hall, although it is more likely to have been a ceremonial avenue or cursus monument approaching the site, and three circular earthworks known as the Sloping Trenches and Grainne’s Fort. All three are large ring barrows, which may have been built too close to the steep and subsequently slipped. To the south of the Royal Enclosure lies a ringfort known as Laoghaire’s Fort, where the eponymous king (said to be the last pagan king of Ireland) would have been buried in an upright position.
Prehistoric Fortifications 35 The trivallate hill fort (three almost-concentric enclosures) at Mooghaun North, county of Clare, is thought to be the largest hill fort in Ireland. , it is situated on a low hillock in a fairly gently undulating landscape of good agricultural land dotted with many small lakes. It has widely spaced ramparts, the outermost of its impending stone walls covers an area of about 27 acres (12 hectares). The ramparts could be as much as 12 m wide in some places and over 2 m in height.
Dating from protohistoric time, these sites, of which about 350 are scattered down the western side of Scotland, including the Inner Situated 7 km west of Derry, Ireland, Grianan of Aileach is an impressive stone ringfort with surrounding earthworks perched on the summit of Greenan Mountain, allowing excellent views from the fort across Lough Swilly, Lough Foyle and the Inishowen Peninsula. Although heavily restored between 1874 and 1879, there are no doubts as to the antiquity of the site, as it is thought to have been built in the late Bronze Age or Iron Age.