By Devendra K Misra
Radio - Frequency and Microwave conversation Circuits: research and layout - Wiley India-Mishra Devendra K.-2004-EDN-1
Read or Download Radio-Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits : Analysis and Design PDF
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Extra info for Radio-Frequency and Microwave Communication Circuits : Analysis and Design
Example text
Ab È 3 3 3 cos o1 o2 t cos o1 À o2 t k3 a cos o1 t ab2 cos o1 t 2 4 2 a3 3 2 3 2 cos 3o1 t ab cos o1 À 2o2 t a b cos 2o1 À o2 t 4 4 4 3 2 3 3 b3 3 a b cos o2 t b cos o2 t cos 3o2 t a2 b cos 2o1 o2 t 2 4 ! 4 4 3 2 ab cos o1 2o2 t 2:5:33 4 vo k1 a cos o1 t b cos o2 t k2 Therefore, the output signal has several frequency components in its spectrum. 6. 17 illustrates the input±output characteristic of an ampli®er. If input signal is too low then it may be submerged under the noise.
Maximum directivities of the transmitting and receiving antennas are 16 dB and 20 dB, respectively. Assuming that the input power in a lossless transmission line connected to the transmitting antenna is 2 W, and that the two antennas are aligned for maximum radiation between them and are polarization ANTENNA SYSTEMS 31 matched, ®nd the power input to the receiver. As discussed in the next chapter, impedance discontinuity generates an echo signal very similar to that of an acoustical echo. Hence, signal power available beyond the discontinuity is reduced.
If b is large in comparison with a then the term with k3 may dominate (undesired) over the ®rst (desired) one. 50 COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS Second Harmonic Distortion Second harmonic distortion occurs due to k2 . If b is zero, then the amplitude of the second harmonic will be k2 a2 =2. Since power is proportional to the square of the voltage, the desired term in the output can be expressed as a 2 20 log10 a C1 2:5:38 P1 10 log10 Bk1 2 where B is the proportionality constant and C1 20 log Bk1 2 Similarly, power in the second harmonic component can be expressed as 2 a2 40 log10 a C2 P2 10 log10 Bk2 2 2:5:39 while the input power is a 2 Pin 10 log10 B 20 log10 a C3 2 2:5:40 Proportionality constants B and k2 are imbedded in C2 and C3 .