By Kumar Sudesh
The environmental difficulties as a result of petroleum-based plastic and plastic waste have resulted in an expanding call for for biobased and biodegradable plastics, akin to polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs). those polyesters are synthesized from carbon resources, e.g. sugar and plant oils, via numerous micro organism. This publication highlights the opportunity of plant oils, in particular palm oil, as a feedstock for PHA creation. moreover, new PHA functions are mentioned and the sustainability of PHA construction from plant oils is severely examined.
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2002). 5 Some Commercially Attractive PHAs 25 is also capable of incorporating non-natural substrates such as mercaptoalkanoic acid for the production of novel polymers. Nevertheless, these polythioesters could not be degraded like normal PHA due to the presence of sulfur group (oxoester bonds) in the structure which is not recognized by the PHA depolymerase (Yu et al. 2007). 7 Recent Discovery of LA-Based Monomers Recently, it has been demonstrated that the PHA synthase has the ability to synthesize PLA (Taguchi et al.
A lipolytic enzyme that possesses N-terminal signal sequence can be the substrate for the Sec protein exporter, while the lipolytic enzyme containing the specific Tat signal sequence can cross the Tat pathway (Fekkes and Driessen 1999). Both Sec and Tat pathways are also found in Gram-negative bacteria, but additional pathways are needed to cross the second membrane (outer membrane). After a lipolytic enzyme sets cross the first membrane and enters the periplasm between the bilayer membrane, the signal sequence cleaves from the lipolytic enzyme.
This technique revealed interesting observation whereby the number and sizes of PHA granules were comparable to that of some PHA-producing bacteria (Sudesh et al. 2001). 6 Production of PHA in Microorganisms and Plants 29 found in typical bacteria (Sudesh et al. 2000). During active growth of S. platensis UMACC 161, no apparent P(3HB) granules were detected (Jau et al. 2005). When the cells were transferred into nitrogen-free conditions, many PHA granules could be observed as electron-transparent inclusions in the cytoplasm.