By William L Luyben; Björn D Tyréus; Michael L Luyben
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Extra info for Plantwide process control
Sample text
This law applies to systems with reaction types such as A + B ~ products and was discussed in Chap. 2. > D + C, the fresh feeds can be flow-controlled into the system because any imbalance in the ratios of reactants is accommodated by a shift in the amounts of the two products (M and D) that are generated. An excess of A will result in the production of more M and less D. An excess of B results in the production of more D and less M. 58 Basics 3. If the final product from a process comes out the top of a distillation column, the column feed should be liquid.
Any component A in the reactor effluent gets recycled in D 2• Therefore, the flowrates of these two streams give a direct indication of the amounts of the two reactants in the system. 16 shows a control scheme in which the ratio of the two recycle flowrates is controlled by adjusting the flowrate of the reactor effluent. The dynamics of the separation system must be considered because a change in the amount of A in the reactor effluent has to work its way through two columns before showing up as a change in the flowrate of D 2 • Thus a lag is added to the measurement of B, before it is used to calculate the ratio.
The buildup of chemical components in recycle streams must be prevented by keeping track of chemical component inventories (reactants, products, and inerts) inside the system. We must identify the specific mechanism or control loop to guarantee that there will be no uncontrollable buildup of any chemical component within the process (Downs drill). What are the methods or loops to ensure that the overall component balances for all chemical species are satisfied at steady state? We can limit their intake, control their reaction, or adjust their outflow from the process.