By Leonard N. Rosenband
8 years prior to the French Revolution, the paper mill at Vidalon-le-Haut was once the atmosphere for a sour strike and winning lockout. This exertions dispute, caused by conflicts among grasp papermakers and expert journeymen, finally benefitted the mill's proprietors and administrators—the Montgolfier kinfolk. They switched over the 1781 lockout into a chance to coach a brand new form of employee, a malleable worker, and to model a brand new type of office, a theater of technological test. Papermaking in Eighteenth-Century France: administration, hard work, and Revolution on the Montgolfier Mill, 1761-1805, provides us background from the workshop up, delivering the main accomplished exploration on hand of the historic event of papermaking. Leonard N. Rosenband explains how paper used to be made, depicting the instruments, suggestions, uncooked fabrics, and seasonable flows of the craft, and explores the numerous conflicts and compromises among masters and males. Rosenband offers a compelling account of the way technological swap affected the papermaking undefined, reworking an difficult, validated method of production.The Montgolfier records are a wealthy resource of knowledge, delivering documents of day-by-day output and techniques, together with advanced principles starting from the best hours of nutrients and prayer to issues of propriety and private sanitation. additionally they supply perception into the attitudes of the Montgolfier kinfolk and their workers—what they made from their exchange, their exertions, and each other. this situation learn of the Montgolfier mill, including information about technological innovation and shopfloor kin in the course of a time of social unrest, enriches the present debate in regards to the nature and effect of capitalism in France throughout the years prime as much as the French Revolution.
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Extra info for Papermaking in Eighteenth-Century France: Management, Labor, and Revolution at the Montgolfier Mill, 1761-1805
Sample text
If any worker quit their mill without taking the steps “mandated by the laws of the kingdom,” the Montgolfiers pledged to pursue him (or her). ”¹⁵ They knew, however, that theirs was a lonely policy. Few masters had the means to stand up to the journeymen, especially when surrounded by vats of perishing pulp. ¹⁶ Later discussions in this book explore the journeymen’s self-government and indifference to Versailles’ edicts. Here, suffice it to say that the state preferred prudence—inaction and occasional penalties—over force in the enforcement of its own codes for the proper conduct of paperworkers.
His uncle Jacques, originally dispatched to Paris to establish himself as a wholesale paper merchant, had become the Receveur G´en´eral for the archdiocese of Paris. ³¹ And his turbulent brother Jean-Pierre (b. ), who had made his tour de France among the paperworkers and knew their ways, supervised the mill while Etienne promoted balloons and sought privileges in the capital. ³² Pierre Montgolfier’s considerable brood freed him from this concern. As he grew older, he delegated responsibilities in the mill, creating a division of labor at the top that was as precise and exacting as the regime imposed on his workers.
When the aging Pierre turned to his youngest son, Etienne, to direct the affairs of Vidalon-le-Haut, the most the patriarch could offer was a An Old Industry / lease on the mill as a marriage portion. ²⁶ According to Emeric David, a printer from Aix-en-Provence, Etienne Montgolfier was an affected man who conducted his business by the rules of mathematics. ²⁸ The ethereal side of his nature rose only when he collaborated with his brother Joseph on their hot-air balloons—and in his passionate letters to his wife.