By K.J. Saunders
This e-book bargains with the natural chemistry of polymers which locate technological use as adhesives, fibres, paints, plastics and rubbers. For the main half, merely polymers that are of industrial importance are thought of and the first goal of the booklet is to narrate theoretical facets to business perform. The publication is principally meant to be used via scholars in technical associations and universities who're focusing on polymer technology and by means of graduates who require an creation to this box. numerous first-class books have lately seemed facing the actual chemistry of polymers however the natural chemistry of polymers has no longer acquired a lot recognition. In reputation of this example and as the features of polymer chemistry are usually taught individually, this ebook bargains in particular with natural chemistry and issues of actual chemistry were passed over. additionally, during this approach the booklet has been stored to a cheap dimension. this isn't to assert that integration of the 2 parts of polymer technology is bad; to the contrary, it's of the maximum value that the inter-relationship should still b~ liked. I desire to list my because of my colleagues with whom i've got had many beneficial discussions, relatively Mrs S. L. Radchenko. I additionally thank leave out E. Friesen for acquiring many books and articles on my behalf and Mr H. Harms for encouragement and tips. i'm additionally thankful to Mrs M. Stevens who skilfully ready the manuscript. division of Chemical and Metallurgical expertise, Ryerson Polytechnical Institute, okay. J. S.
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Additional resources for Organic Polymer Chemistry: An Introduction to the Organic Chemistry of Adhesives, Fibres, Paints, Plastics, and Rubbers
Example text
Polymerization is conducted in the presence of Ziegler-Natta catalysts, the nature of which is discussed in Chapter 1. , diethylalurninium chloride). The catalyst may be prepared in situ by adding the components separately to the reactor as solutions in diluents such as diesel oil, heptane or toluene or the components may be pre·reacted and the catalyst added as a slurry in a liquid diluent. These operations must be conducted in an inert atmosphere (usually of nitrogen) since oxygen and water reduce the effectiveness of the catalyst and may even cause explosive decomposition.
Such polymers are commonly formed in two ways: (i) Polymerization of branched materials. , isocyanate and hydroxy groups. Thus if reaction is allowed to proceed, the branched structures link up with one another to form a large continuous three-dimensional network. (See Fig. ) Materials such as epoxy, phenol-formaldehyde and silicone resins are utilized commercially in this way. (ii) Cross-linking of linear polymers. It was seen above that some branching 30 ORGANIC POLYMER CHEMISTRY occurs during the polymerization of conjugated dienes and some vinyl monomers.
6. wherein an isotactic, syndiotactic and atactic vinyl polymer are diagrammatically represented. For clarity, the main chain is shown as having a planar zig-zag form though this may not be the actual conformation of the chain; for instance, in an isotactic polymer the R groups would interfere with one another and the chain adopts a helical conformation. Inspection of Fig. 6 shows that if the backbone of the polymer chain is visualized as being in the plane of the paper then in the isotactic polymer all the R groups lie on one side of the plane whilst in the syndiotactic they lie alternately above and below.