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3). 1Mol Glucose+2 Mol Acetate + 2 Mol CO, 4 Mol H, (at low pH,) + In complex ecosystems formate is formed if high concentrations of hydrogen accumulate. , 1988, Chapter 22, this volume). However, at tion (STAMS, an increased H2partial pressure formate is also produced by methanogens themselves, either in pure cultures or in a sewage sludge population (BLEICHER and WINTER,1994) and this might also contribute to increasing formate concentrations. Other substrates for methanogenic bacteria (Tab. , from methylsulfonopropionate of algae; FRITSCHE, 1998) are only relevant in ecosystems where these substances are produced during microbial decay.
In the acetogenic stage P-oxidation of fatty acids and methane reactor P-oxidation of fatty acids, esalcohols failed, leading to an accumulation of pecially of propionate or n-butyrate, is the these acid metabolites. Fatof metabolites of the fermentative flora ty acid degradation is the slowest reaction changed towards “more reduced products” overall in a two-stage methane reactor fed carlike ethanol, lactate, propionate, and n-buty- bohydrate-containing wastewater from sugar rate, leading to an even higher concentration production.
In order to hydrolyze the insoluble cellulose polymers, cellulases - in some organisms organized in cellulosomes - must be excreted into the medium. Cellulases are complex biocatalysts and contain a catalytic site and a substrate-binding site. The presence of a non-catalytic substrate binding site permits tight attachment onto the different forms of the cellulose substrate without being washed off and keeps the enzyme close to its cleaving sites. Substrate binding is reversible to allow the enzyme to “hike” along the fibers in order to obtain total solubilization.