By Sharon Walker
This self-teaching advisor explains the fundamental options and basics in all of the significant subtopics of biotechnology. The content material advances logically from the fundamentals of molecular and mobile biology to extra advanced subject matters akin to DNA, reproductive cloning, experimental techniques, infectious ailments, immunology, the Human Genome undertaking, new drug discoveries, and genetic problems
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Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission. CHAPTER 2 Biotechnology Demystified Figure 2-1 Prokaryotic cell All cells have a lipid membrane and a watery, jelly-like substance on the inside, known as cytoplasm. The most primitive cells don’t have interior compartments, other than a few vesicles for eliminating waste. These cells are known as prokaryotic cells, as shown in Figure 2-1. ” The prokaryotic cells are so named because they were derived before chromatic material was organized into a nucleus, that is, before cells had a kernel.
It is small and mobile, and it can move out of the nucleus. 117] at [07/18/16]. Copyright © McGraw-Hill Global Education Holdings, LLC. Not to be redistributed or modified in any way without permission. CHAPTER 3 Information Methods of a Cell Mutations In Chapter 2, we discussed the consequences of errors in copying the DNA. Now you can see why it is that, if the code is altered or transcribed erroneously, the protein that is produced either will be dysfunctional or may have a different function than intended.
The twenty-third pair of chromosomes is the sex chromosome pair and is different for males and females. Females have two large chromosomes, called X, and males have one large X and one smaller Y chromosome. Chromosomes of a pair are of same type, but the chromosomes from different parents contain different information. In that sense, the chromosome pairs are not identical. Mitosis, shown in Figure 2-8, is the process by which the cell duplicates itself, and it occurs in five distinct phases. When events are set in motion to divide the cell, each member of each chromosome pair is duplicated.