By Glass J.E., Swift G.
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Sample text
This is representative of monofilaments or consolidated yarns with high twist and heavy sizing. 18 where B(k) is the yarn bending rigidity which depends on local curvature. A further simplification using an average bending rigidity leads to the wellknown problem of the elastica9 for which a solution can be written using elliptical integrals. 19 p 2¯ h 2 Ë Ë p¯ where function A(h/p) is shown in Fig. 5 provides a good approximation in the range 0 < h/p < 1. 19 is the solution to the linear problem.
18 where B(k) is the yarn bending rigidity which depends on local curvature. A further simplification using an average bending rigidity leads to the wellknown problem of the elastica9 for which a solution can be written using elliptical integrals. 19 p 2¯ h 2 Ë Ë p¯ where function A(h/p) is shown in Fig. 5 provides a good approximation in the range 0 < h/p < 1. 19 is the solution to the linear problem. This cubic spline very closely approximates the yarn line. 19 is parameterised with the dimensionless parameter h/p, all properties associated with the bent yarn centreline can be written as a function of this parameter only.
As the name suggests, the process consists of four steps, each involving alternate movements of the rows and columns of yarn carriers. Between cycles the yarns are ‘beaten up’ into the structure and the braid is hauled off by one pitch length. The two-step process (Fig. 23 Schematic illustration of the (a) four-step and (b) two-step 3D braiding processes. of yarn carriers arranged around them. The carriers are moved through the array of axial yarns in two alternate directions. Such processes can be used to produce preforms featuring yarns that extend along many directions.